Wi-Fi 6E: The evolution of next generation wireless access

Wi-Fi 6 just arrived, bringing better speed and more capacity to wireless networks. And soon it’s going to get even better, thanks to the FCC opening up of all-new 6 GHz frequencies for Wi-Fi 6. The name of this extension to the standard: Wi-Fi 6E.

When the new 1.2 GHz of spectrum (500 MHz in the EU) starts getting built into devices later this year, it will unleash new potentials for networks, and help them meet the growing demand for high-performance connectivity.

The Need for More Unlicenced Spectrum

Moving from one Wi-Fi generation to the next – currently in the sixth generation – all wireless devices share the crowded 2.4 and 5 GHz bands. They are constantly competing for bandwidth. The limited spectrum and channels in those bands cause significant issues for users. There are very few non-overlapping 80 MHz or 160 MHz (in 5 GHz band) channels to prevent interference caused by devices on overlapping channels. In fact, it’s almost impractical to enable these wide band channels in dense environments such as venues with hundreds of access points. Besides, the 20 MHz and 40 MHz channels are not wide enough to support high data throughput for bandwidth-intensive applications.

These problems have been exacerbated by the proliferation of wirelessly connected IoT devices and data growth. For example, Wi-Fi and mobile devices will account for more than 75 percent of all Internet traffic by 2022.

We need more unlicensed spectrum to deliver on the Wi-Fi brand promise, and that’s what the new 6 GHz frequencies will deliver.

The Promise of Wi-Fi 6E

To keep unlicensed Wi-Fi devices running in the 6 GHz band from interfering with incumbent users of the band such as microwaves links, the FCC is proposing some technical restrictions. These rules divide the overall spectrum into 4 separate bands with their own boundaries. For example, a Wi-Fi device could only operate indoors at low power in order to ensure unlicensed services can coexist safely with existing incumbents. (Figure 1)

Figure 1 – 6 GHz Wi-Fi Channels

Wi-Fi 6E brings the following improvements and enables important use cases:

1. More spectrum

An additional 1.2 GHz spectrum, twice the size of the current Wi-Fi bandwidth, offers more non-overlapping channels i.e. 59 additional 20 MHz channels  And only Wi-Fi 6 devices are allowed in this new spectrum. No legacy (Wi-Fi 5 or earlier) devices will have access to it. Wi-Fi 6 not only gets the additional bandwidth of Wi-Fi 6E, it uses that bandwidth more efficiently, which makes this new spectrum great for solving capacity problems in large public venues, such as concert venues or sports stadiums. This not only enables better user experience but opens the gateway for quality live streaming connections.

2. Higher throughputs

As envisioned, Wi-Fi 6E makes available large contiguous blocks of spectrum. With 14 additional 80 MHz and 7 additional 160 MHz wide channels, it allows for high-throughput and concurrent data transmission. This enhances applications that require high bandwidth such as augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) and real-time immersive gaming on Wi-Fi 6 devices. It will further the current Wi-Fi 6 capabilities for the next generation of learning where every student in a classroom or in a school can use a VR headset for their education at the same time.

3. Lower latency

The high frequency spectrum of Wi-Fi 6E opens up entirely new horizons for ultra-low latency and emerging data-intensive applications and services, such as telehealth. Wi-Fi 6E is able to provide reliable and consistent low-latency connectivity for critical applications that can’t afford data delays. This allows, for example, patients to connect virtually with doctors and get real-time diagnostics on their high-quality 3D CAT exam or MRI.

All in all, Wi-Fi 6E expands the horizon of user connectivity, opens opportunities for emerging use cases, and enables enterprises to push boundaries with innovations. Cisco is actively partnering with the regulatory agencies working on Wi-Fi expansion. We will keep you updated as regulators finalize the operational requirements. Watch for product announcements from Cisco that will seize upon this new spectrum.

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Doubling down on Cisco Customer Experience with our partners!

As we start a new year, I am reminded of the journey many of us have been on with our partners as we have spent 2019 working hard on Cisco’s Customer Experience portfolio.   We have filled our partners full of information, new terminology, new technology and plenty of “Lingo Bingo” (aka the unofficial game of tech terms thrown out during a conference or event) throughout the year!

Nonetheless the timing and impact of all of this transformation around lifecycle is critical for our partners, so that they can align and react to how we at Cisco are evolving our business NOW and doing so in a way that is “together” with our partner especially as we consider this lifecycle & digital transformation journey we are all on. It’s clear, there is no model at Cisco without our partners!

When I joined this role to lead CX Partner Go-To-Market within the Global Partner Organization at Cisco after years under my belt working on Consumer and Content Industries,  I was just like so many partners, completely LOST six month’s ago! I was looking for someone to give me the “cliff notes” on the strategy, and how it impacted our partners. So, as one might imagine this topic was one that was top of mind for a lot of our partners during last months Cisco Partner Summit. Simply put the CX lifecycle strategy with our partners can be broken down into three areas of focus:

Monetize

◉ First, as a partner take a look at your business model and how you monetize your products and services. What do you offer today, and what will you offer in the future? How do you adapt your business model to meet changing customer expectations and stay profitable along the way? Alignment with the lifecycle improves customer intimacy and increases renewals and customer investment in professional and managed services. That’s why we’re focusing on it.

◉ Our CX Success Portfolio is extensible and provides opportunities for you to differentiate your business and engage with customers throughout their journey including our premium offers like Solution Support, BCS 3.0 or our new Operate Offers. As a Cisco partner you’ll get access to insights using API’s and CX Partner portal, that enable you to identify new extensible service opportunities that address customer needs.   You can strengthen customer relationships and expand your services business.

◉ Not only can you differentiate your business with lifecycle services, but you can demonstrate your expertise with the Cisco CX Business Specialization. We launched the new CX Specialization designed with one goal in mind: to help you develop or enhance your customer success practice with the right people, tools, processes, and infrastructure to best support your customers throughout the lifecycle.

Operate

◉ As you operationalize your CX transformation, Cisco is here to help. We’re creating a renewals and roles blueprint to help you identify key points of customer interaction, the resources needed for customers success, and how Cisco and your organization will work together to meet customer needs.

◉ We’re building new customer and partner portals with API’s that will provide access to actionable insights and provide opportunities to differentiate and scale through digitization.

◉ We’re also developing new ways for partners to participate in the delivery of Cisco CX services (Expert Resources such as Ask the Experts and Accelerators and Trusted Support or both). The new service delivery options provide opportunities for eligible partners to engage with customers at multiple touchpoints throughout the customer lifecycle in using their Cisco investments. Delivering these services helps you to differentiate your business and uncover even more opportunities to deliver your own services to help your customers move the lifecycle and accelerate time to value.

Organize

◉ Customer Success won’t work unless you have the right organization with endorsement from the very top including the CEO and the senior leadership team and throughout the entire organization where customer success is at the forefront of the business and core tenant of the business strategy.

◉ We’ll provide you with helpful insights to incorporate customer success in your organization’s culture.

◉ Cisco has launched role-based trainings and certifications to provide your teams with the skills needed to deliver the Customer Experience and support accelerated growth

You see, together with our partners we have a great opportunity and these three focus areas shared last month continue to ring true as our partners join us on this amazing experience.

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Scaling Application Security with ITD

Ready to scale your enterprise beyond limits?  How about slashing a whole layer of datacenter infrastructure, saving piles of cash in the process?  Or perhaps you’re interested in simplifying your enterprise while adding features, or trying to speed things up without spending money.  Sound too good to be true?  Well, thanks to a new technology from Cisco, you can have your cake and eat it, too.

Cisco Intelligent Traffic Director (ITD) is poised to disrupt data center load balancing. Combined with best-in-class products, such as Imperva SecureSphere, organizations can deploy and manage massively scalable applications securely with unprecedented ease and cost effectiveness.

What is ITD?

Cisco recently released a new feature, Intelligent Traffic Director (ITD) for the Nexus 7k switches that promises to be a disrupting force in the world of load balancing.  There has been an exponential growth in data traffic in the recent years leading to a growth in the deployment of network service appliances in enterprise, datacenter and cloud environments. To address the corresponding business needs, network switch and router architecture has evolved to support multi-terabit capacity. However, service appliance capacity remained limited to few gigabits, an order of magnitude far below switch capacity.

Cisco Intelligent Traffic Director (ITD) is an innovative solution that tries to bridge performance gap between the switch and service appliance(s). It allows customers to deploy service appliance(s) from any vendor with no network or topology changes. With a few simple configuration steps on a Cisco Nexus 7000 / 7700 series switch, customers can create a service appliance cluster and deploy multiple appliance(s) to scale service capacity with ease. The servers or appliance(s) do not have to be directly connected to the Nexus switch.

Application Security

Gartner published a paper called Web Application Firewalls are Worth the Investment for Enterprises in Feb, 2014 that makes the case that “Firewalls and intrusion prevention systems don’t provide sufficient protections for most public-facing websites or internal business-critical and custom Web applications.” Gartner advises enterprises to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to protect critical external and internal applications from attacks and threats.

Like other service appliances, a WAF appliance benefits from ITD’s ability to manage large scale traffic loads. Imperva SecureSphere WAF works with ITD, and the combination provides highly scalable application security.

I mention SecureSphere because Imperva was positioned as the only Leader in the Gartner 2014 Magic Quadrant for Web Application Firewalls. Some key capabilities of the SecureSphere WAF are:

◉ Block attacks with laser precision

Accuracy is critical with application security. If you have false positives, you block customers; if you have false negatives, you let the bad guys in.

◉ World-renowned application security research

Security is constantly evolving. To get ahead and stay ahead in the continuous fight against threats, Imperva has a dedicated security research team, the Application Defense Center (ADC), which provides regular signature and policy updates, and up-to-date threat intelligence for Imperva SecureSphere.

◉ Shut down malicious sources and bots

Imperva’s ThreatRadar Reputation Services help detect bad actors using IP reputation feeds of known malicious sources, anonymizing services, phishing URLs, TOR (“The Onion Router”), as well as IP geolocation data.

◉ Stop application DDOS and business logic attacks

Business logic attacks include things like posting comment spam in forums and message boards, scraping web content, and disabling access to your website. All of this can reduce competitive edge, frustrate customers, and damage reputation.

◉ Instantly patch website vulnerabilities

It takes organizations an average of 6 months to patch an application vulnerability once it’s discovered. SecureSphere integrates with vulnerability scanners to virtually patch applications. This allows businesses to stay protected, and fix the vulnerability on their own timeline, thus reducing the window of exposure and the associated costs.

◉ Gain forensics insights with customizable reports

Graphical reports enable organizations to quickly analyze security threats and meet compliance requirements.

◉ Speed up deployment without risk

SecureSphere protects applications without impacting performance and without requiring extensive network changes. It offers flexible inline, non-inline, and proxy deployment options that meet organizations’ diverse requirements. SecureSphere’s Fail-Open capabilities combined with unique, transparent bridge mode saves time and labor with drop-in deployment that requires no changes to existing applications or network devices, and delivers multi-Gigabit throughput while maintaining sub-millisecond latency.

Scaling Application Security

Using ITD in VIP Mode to load balance provides a fast and economical way for organizations to provide highly scalable and available infrastructure.  By leveraging ITD, an enterprise can deploy a single IP address (the VIP), which is then load balanced across many SecureSphere WAFs, with each one protecting the back-end webservers. This is done right from the 7K – There’s no need for an external load balancer in the middle.

Why is this better than other Load Balancers?

By combining Cisco ITD and SecureSphere’s advanced capabilities to monitor and secure HTTP traffic, several key advantages are apparent:

◉ Eliminates the need for external load balancers, freeing up large amounts of budget and resources

◉ You get the advantages of a proxy-type load balancer (1 single VIP represents many webservers), but still get ‘fail-open’ bridges on WAFs

◉ ITD proxies traffic without interfering with the TCP Source IP Address , allowing SecureSphere to leverage the source IP, User and Session details for blocking and alerting.

◉ To work with SecureSphere, ITD requires no modification to HTTP Headers (e.g., X-Forwarded-For), which can break applications and slow down traffic

What does this mean for the future of high performance WAF deployments?

By teaming up the Cisco Nexus 7K with SecureSphere WAFs, organizations can cost effectively deploy scalable, high-availability  WAF farms to handle large amounts of traffic to webservers.  As the web traffic increases, WAFs can be seamlessly added to the pool to scale up with the enterprise. Since every port on the 7K can be used as a load balancer this provides the potential to scale up to multi-terabits of throughput to a SecureSphere WAF cluster.

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Next Generation Data Center Design With MDS 9700 – Part III

This week is exciting, had opportunity to sit on round table with Cisco’s largest customers on an open ended architecture discussion and their take on past, present and future. More on that some other time let’s pick up last critical aspect of High Performance Data Center design namely flexibility. Customers need flexibility to adapt to changing requirements over time as well as to support diverse requirements of their users. Flexibility is not just about protocol, although protocol is very important aspect, but it is also about making sure customers have choice to design, grow and adapt their DC according to their needs. As an example if customers want to utilize the time to market advantage and ubiquity of Ethernet they can by adopt FCoE.

Moreover flexibility has to be complemented by seamless integration where customers can not only mix and match the architectures/protocols/speeds but also evolve from one to other over time with minimal disruption and without forklift upgrades. Investment protection of more than a decade on Cisco director switches allows customer to move to higher speeds, or adopt new protocols using the existing chassis and fabric cards. Finally any solution should allow scalability over time with minimal disruptions and common management model. As an example on MDS 9710 or MDS 9706 customers can choose to use 2/4/8 G FC, 4/8/16G FC, 10G FC or 10G FCoE at each hop.

Let’s review each aspect of flexibility at a time.

Architecture:

Cisco SAN product family is designed to support Architecture flexibility. From smallest to  the largest customers and everything in-between.  Customers can grow from 12 16G ports to 48 ports on a single 9148S. They can grow from 48 16G Line Rate Ports to 192 16G Line Rate with MDS 9710 and upto 384 ports on MDS 9710. Finally having seamless FC and FCoE capability allows customers to use these directors as edge or core switches . With the industry leading scalability numbers, customers can scale up or scale out as per their needs. Two examples show how customers can use Director class switches (9513, 9506, 9710 or 9706) based Architecture for End of Row designs. Similarly customers can orchestrate Top of Rack designs using Nexus fixed family or MDS 9148S.

If they want to continue with FC for foreseeable future or have sizable FC infrastructure that they want to leverage (and have option to go to FCOE) then MDS serves their needs. Similarly they can support edge core designs, and edge core edge designs or even collapsed  cores if so desired.

If customers need converged switch then Nexus 2K, 5K and 6K provides the flexibility, ability to collapse two networks, simplify management as shown in the picture below.

Speeds

Customers can mix and match the FC speeds 2G/4G/8G, 4G/8G/16G on the latest MDS 9148S, and MDS 9700 product family. With all the major optics supported, customers can pick and choose optics for the smallest distance to long distance CWDM and DWDM solutions in addition to SW, LW and ER optics choices. In addition MDS 9700 supports 10GE optics running 10G FC traffic for ease of implementing 10G DWDM solutions based on ubiquitous 10GE circuits.

Protocol

FC is a dominant protocol with DC but at the same time a lot of customers are adopting FCoE to improve ROI, simplify the network or simply to have higher speeds and agility. Irrespective of the needs and timeline MDS solution allows customer to adopt FCoE today or down the road without forklift upgrades on the existing MDS 9700 platforms while leveraging the existing FC install base.

The diagram above shows how customers can collapse LAN and SAN networks on the edge into one network. The advantage of FEX include reduced TCO, simplified operations (Parent switch provides a single point of management and policy enforcement and Plug-and-play management includes auto-configuration).

Another example to allow non transition less disruptive for customers Cisco has supported the BiDi optics on the Nexus product family. This allows customers to use the the same same OM2, OM3 and OM4 fabrics for 40G FCoE connectivity and still don;t have to rip and replace cabling plant.

For customer who are not ready to converge networks but want to achieve faster time to market, higher performance, Ethernet scale economies can use separate LAN and SAN network and use FCoE for that dedicated SAN .

Coupled with broad Cisco product portfolio means that customers have the maximum flexibility to tune the architecture precisely to their needs. Cisco product portfolio is tightly integrated, all the SAN switches use same NxOS and DCNM provides seamless manageability across LAN, SAN, Converged infrastructure to Fabric Interconnects on UCS.

From the last 3 blogs lets quickly capture what are the unique characteristics of MDS 9700 that allows for High Performance Scalable Data Center Design.

◉ Performance

24 Tbps Switching capacity, line rate 16g FC ports, No Oversubscription, local switching or bandwidth allocation.

◉ Reliability

Redundancy for every critical component in the chassis including Fabric Card. Data Resiliency with CRC check and Forward Error Correction. Multiple level of CRC checks, smaller failure domains.

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Best Way to Prepare Cisco CCDA 200-310 (DESGN) Certification Exam

Exam Name: Designing for Cisco Internetwork Solutions

Exam Number: 200-310 DESGN

Exam Price: $300 USD

Duration: 75 minutes

Number of Questions: 55-65

Passing Score: Variable (750-850 / 1000 Approx.)

Recommended Training:
Designing for Cisco Internetwork Solutions (DESGN)
Designing for Cisco Internetwork Solutions (DESGN) E-Learning

Exam Registration: PEARSON VUE

Sample Questions: Cisco 200-310 Sample Questions

Practice Exam: Cisco Certified Design Associate Practice Test

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Next Generation Data Center Design With MDS 9710 – Part II

EMC World was wonderful. It was gratifying to meet industry professionals,  listen in on great presentations and watch the demos for key business enabling technologies that Cisco, EMC and others have brought to fruition.  Its fascinating to see the transition of DC from cost center to a strategic business driver . The same repeated all over again at Cisco Live. More than 25000 attendees, hundreds of demos and sessions. Lot of  interesting customer meetings and MDS continues to resonate. We are excited about the MDS hardware that was on the display on show floor and interesting Multiprotocol demo and a lot of interesting SAN sessions.

Outside these we recently did a webinar on how Cisco MDS 9710 is enabling High Performance DC design with customer case studies.

So let’s continue our discussion. There is no doubt when it comes to High Performance SAN switches there is no comparable to Cisco MDS 9710. Another component that is paramount to a good data center design is high availability. Massive virtualization, DC consolidation and ability to deploy more and more applications on powerful multi core CPUs has increased the risk profile within DC. These DC trends requires renewed focus on availability. MDS 9710 is leading the innovation there again. Hardware design and architecture has to guarantee high availability. At the same time, it’s not just about hardware but it’s a holistic approach with hardware, software, management and right architecture. Let me give you some just few examples of the first three pillars for high reliability and availability.

MDS 9710 is the only director in the industry that provides Hardware Redundancy on all critical components of the switch, including fabric cards. Cisco Director Switches provide not only CRC checks but ability to drop corrupted frames. Without that ability network infrastructure exposes the end devices to the corrupted frames. Having ability to drop the CRC frames and quickly isolate the failing links outside as well as inside of the director provides Data Integrity and fault resiliency. VSAN allows fault isolation, Port Channel provides smaller failure domains, DCNM provides rich feature set for higher availability and redundancy. All of these are but a subset of examples which provides high resiliency and reliability.

We are proud of the 9500 family and strong foundation for reliability and availability that we stand on. We have taken that to a completely new level with 9710. For any design within Data center high availability  has to go hand in hand with consistent performance. One without the other doesn’t make sense. Right design and architecture with DC as is important as components that power the connectivity. As an example Cisco recommend customers to distribute the ISL ports of an Port Channel across multiple line cards and multiple ASICs. This spreads the failure domain such that any ASIC  or even line card failures will not impact the port channel connectivity between switches and no need to reinitiate all the hosts logins. At part of writing this white paper ESG tested the Fabric Card redundancy in addition to other features of the platform. Remember that a chain is only as strong as its weakest link.

The most important aspect for all of this is for customer is to be educated.

Ask the right questions. Have in depth discussions to achieve higher availability and consistent performance. Most importantly selecting the right equipment, right architecture and best practices means no surprises.

We will continue our discussion for the Flexibility aspect of MDS 9710.

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Next Generation Data Center Design With MDS 9710 – Part I

Data centers are undergoing a major transition to meet higher performance, scalability, and resiliency requirements with fewer resources, smaller footprint, and simplified designs. These rigorous requirements coupled with major data center trends, such as virtualization, data center consolidation and data growth, are putting a tremendous amount of strain on the existing infrastructure and adding complexity. MDS 9710 is designed to surpass these requirements without a forklift upgrade for the decade ahead.

MDS 9700 provides unprecedented

◉ Performance – 24 Tbps Switching capacity

◉ Reliability – Redundancy for every critical component in the chassis including Fabric Card

◉ Flexibility – Speed, Protocol, DC Architecture

In addition to these unique capabilities MDS 9710 provides the rich feature set and investment protection to customers.

In this series of blogs I plan to focus on design requirements of the next generation DC with MDS 9710. We will review one aspect of the DC design requirements in each. Let us look at performance today. A lot of customers how MDS 9710 delivers highest performance today. The performance that application delivers depend

◉ Throughput

◉ Latency

◉ Consistency

Switching infrastructure should provide line rate, non-blocking, high speed throughput to effectively power applications like VDI, High Performance Computing, High Frequency Trading, Big Data among others. Crutches like local switching, per port bandwidth allocation and oversubscription result in inflexible and complex design that breaks down every few years resulting in fork lift upgrades or running the DC design at sub-par performance levels.

Applications need both high through put and consistent latency. The switching latency is usually orders of magnitude less than that of the rest of the components in the data path. Thus the performance that applications can deliver is based on the end to end latency of the data path.

For both throughput and latency the most important factor that is often overlooked is consistency. Throughput and low latency should be consistent and independent of switching traffic profiles, network connectivity and traffic load .

MDS 9700 allows for high performance DC design with

◉ 3X the performance of any director class switch

◉ Line Rate, Non Blocking Performance without limitations

◉ Consistent throughput and latency

Key Cisco innovations like Central Arbiter, Crossbar, Virtual Output Queues enable the consistent low latency and high throughput independent of the traffic profile or load on the chassis. Performance without high availability or data reliability is not good throughput.

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